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 <section id="target-link-libraries">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2" role="doc-backlink">target_link_libraries</a><a class="headerlink" href="#target-link-libraries" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<nav class="contents" id="contents">
Contents
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#target-link-libraries" id="id2">target_link_libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview" id="id3">Overview</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents" id="id4">Libraries for a Target and/or its Dependents</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-both-a-target-and-its-dependents" id="id5">Libraries for both a Target and its Dependents</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents-legacy" id="id6">Libraries for a Target and/or its Dependents (Legacy)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-dependents-only-legacy" id="id7">Libraries for Dependents Only (Legacy)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#linking-object-libraries" id="id8">Linking Object Libraries</a>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#linking-object-libraries-via-target-objects" id="id9">Linking Object Libraries via <code class="docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS&gt;</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cyclic-dependencies-of-static-libraries" id="id10">Cyclic Dependencies of Static Libraries</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-relocatable-packages" id="id11">Creating Relocatable Packages</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#see-also" id="id12">See Also</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
Specify libraries or flags to use when linking a given target and/or
its dependents. <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#target-usage-requirements">Usage requirements</a>
from linked library targets will be propagated. Usage requirements
of a target's dependencies affect compilation of its own sources.
<section id="overview">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" role="doc-backlink">Overview</a><a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
This command has several signatures as detailed in subsections below.
All of them have the general form
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>target_link_libraries(&lt;target&gt; ... &lt;item&gt;... ...)
</pre></div>
</div>
The named <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> must have been created by a command such as
<a class="reference internal" href="add_executable.html#command:add_executable" title="add_executable"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">add_executable()</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="add_library.html#command:add_library" title="add_library"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">add_library()</code></a> and must not be an
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#alias-targets">ALIAS target</a>. If policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0079.html#policy:CMP0079" title="CMP0079"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0079</code></a> is not
set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NEW</code> then the target must have been created in the current
directory. Repeated calls for the same <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> append items in
the order called.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.13: The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> doesn't have to be defined in the same directory as the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">target_link_libraries</code> call.
</div>
Each <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;item&gt;</code> may be:
<ul>
<li>A library target name: The generated link line will have the
full path to the linkable library file associated with the target.
The buildsystem will have a dependency to re-link <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> if
the library file changes.
The named target must be created by <a class="reference internal" href="add_library.html#command:add_library" title="add_library"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">add_library()</code></a> within
the project or as an <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#imported-targets">IMPORTED library</a>.
If it is created within the project an ordering dependency will
automatically be added in the build system to make sure the named
library target is up-to-date before the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> links.
If an imported library has the <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/IMPORTED_NO_SONAME.html#prop_tgt:IMPORTED_NO_SONAME" title="IMPORTED_NO_SONAME"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">IMPORTED_NO_SONAME</code></a>
target property set, CMake may ask the linker to search for
the library instead of using the full path
(e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">/usr/lib/libfoo.so</code> becomes <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-lfoo</code>).
The full path to the target's artifact will be quoted/escaped for
the shell automatically.
</li>
<li>A full path to a library file: The generated link line will
normally preserve the full path to the file. The buildsystem will
have a dependency to re-link <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> if the library file changes.
There are some cases where CMake may ask the linker to search for
the library (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">/usr/lib/libfoo.so</code> becomes <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-lfoo</code>), such
as when a shared library is detected to have no <code class="docutils literal notranslate">SONAME</code> field.
See policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0060.html#policy:CMP0060" title="CMP0060"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0060</code></a> for discussion of another case.
If the library file is in a macOS framework, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">Headers</code> directory
of the framework will also be processed as a
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#target-usage-requirements">usage requirement</a>. This has the same
effect as passing the framework directory as an include directory.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.8: On <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-generators.7.html#visual-studio-generators">Visual Studio Generators</a> for VS 2010 and above, library files
ending in <code class="docutils literal notranslate">.targets</code> will be treated as MSBuild targets files and
imported into generated project files. This is not supported by other
generators.
</div>
The full path to the library file will be quoted/escaped for
the shell automatically.
</li>
<li>A plain library name: The generated link line will ask the linker
to search for the library (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">foo</code> becomes <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-lfoo</code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">foo.lib</code>).
The library name/flag is treated as a command-line string fragment and
will be used with no extra quoting or escaping.
</li>
<li>A link flag: Item names starting with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-</code>, but not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-l</code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">-framework</code>, are treated as linker flags. Note that such flags will
be treated like any other library link item for purposes of transitive
dependencies, so they are generally safe to specify only as private link
items that will not propagate to dependents.
Link flags specified here are inserted into the link command in the same
place as the link libraries. This might not be correct, depending on
the linker. Use the <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_OPTIONS.html#prop_tgt:LINK_OPTIONS" title="LINK_OPTIONS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_OPTIONS</code></a> target property or
<a class="reference internal" href="target_link_options.html#command:target_link_options" title="target_link_options"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_link_options()</code></a> command to add link
flags explicitly. The flags will then be placed at the toolchain-defined
flag position in the link command.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.13: <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_OPTIONS.html#prop_tgt:LINK_OPTIONS" title="LINK_OPTIONS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_OPTIONS</code></a> target property and <a class="reference internal" href="target_link_options.html#command:target_link_options" title="target_link_options"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_link_options()</code></a>
command. For earlier versions of CMake, use <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_FLAGS.html#prop_tgt:LINK_FLAGS" title="LINK_FLAGS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_FLAGS</code></a>
property instead.
</div>
The link flag is treated as a command-line string fragment and
will be used with no extra quoting or escaping.
</li>
<li>A generator expression: A <code class="docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;...&gt;</code> <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-generator-expressions.7.html#manual:cmake-generator-expressions(7)" title="cmake-generator-expressions(7)"><code class="xref cmake cmake-manual docutils literal notranslate">generator expression</code></a> may evaluate to any of the above
items or to a <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-language.7.html#cmake-language-lists">semicolon-separated list</a> of them.
If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">...</code> contains any <code class="docutils literal notranslate">;</code> characters, e.g. after evaluation
of a <code class="docutils literal notranslate">${list}</code> variable, be sure to use an explicitly quoted
argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;$&lt;...&gt;&quot;</code> so that this command receives it as a
single <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;item&gt;</code>.
Additionally, a generator expression may be used as a fragment of
any of the above items, e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">foo$&lt;1:_d&gt;</code>.
Note that generator expressions will not be used in OLD handling of
policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0003.html#policy:CMP0003" title="CMP0003"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0003</code></a> or policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0004.html#policy:CMP0004" title="CMP0004"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0004</code></a>.
</li>
<li>A <code class="docutils literal notranslate">debug</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">optimized</code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">general</code> keyword immediately followed
by another <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;item&gt;</code>. The item following such a keyword will be used
only for the corresponding build configuration. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">debug</code> keyword
corresponds to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">Debug</code> configuration (or to configurations named
in the <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_gbl/DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS.html#prop_gbl:DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS" title="DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_gbl docutils literal notranslate">DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS</code></a> global property if it is set).
The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">optimized</code> keyword corresponds to all other configurations. The
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">general</code> keyword corresponds to all configurations, and is purely
optional. Higher granularity may be achieved for per-configuration
rules by creating and linking to
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#imported-targets">IMPORTED library targets</a>.
These keywords are interpreted immediately by this command and therefore
have no special meaning when produced by a generator expression.</li>
</ul>
Items containing <code class="docutils literal notranslate">::</code>, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">Foo::Bar</code>, are assumed to be
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#imported-targets">IMPORTED</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#alias-targets">ALIAS</a> library
target names and will cause an error if no such target exists.
See policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0028.html#policy:CMP0028" title="CMP0028"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0028</code></a>.
See the <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#manual:cmake-buildsystem(7)" title="cmake-buildsystem(7)"><code class="xref cmake cmake-manual docutils literal notranslate">cmake-buildsystem(7)</code></a> manual for more on defining
buildsystem properties.
</section>
<section id="libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" role="doc-backlink">Libraries for a Target and/or its Dependents</a><a class="headerlink" href="#libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>target_link_libraries(&lt;target&gt;
 &lt;PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE&gt; &lt;item&gt;...
 [&lt;PRIVATE|PUBLIC|INTERFACE&gt; &lt;item&gt;...]...)
</pre></div>
</div>
The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PUBLIC</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PRIVATE</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE</code>
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#target-usage-requirements">scope</a> keywords can be used to
specify both the link dependencies and the link interface in one command.
Libraries and targets following <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PUBLIC</code> are linked to, and are made
part of the link interface. Libraries and targets following <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PRIVATE</code>
are linked to, but are not made part of the link interface. Libraries
following <code class="docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE</code> are appended to the link interface and are not
used for linking <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code>.
</section>
<section id="libraries-for-both-a-target-and-its-dependents">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" role="doc-backlink">Libraries for both a Target and its Dependents</a><a class="headerlink" href="#libraries-for-both-a-target-and-its-dependents" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>target_link_libraries(&lt;target&gt; &lt;item&gt;...)
</pre></div>
</div>
Library dependencies are transitive by default with this signature.
When this target is linked into another target then the libraries
linked to this target will appear on the link line for the other
target too. This transitive &quot;link interface&quot; is stored in the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> target property and may be overridden
by setting the property directly. When <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0022.html#policy:CMP0022" title="CMP0022"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0022</code></a> is not set to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">NEW</code>, transitive linking is built in but may be overridden by the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES" title="LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES</code></a> property. Calls to other signatures
of this command may set the property making any libraries linked
exclusively by this signature private.
</section>
<section id="libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents-legacy">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6" role="doc-backlink">Libraries for a Target and/or its Dependents (Legacy)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents-legacy" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>target_link_libraries(&lt;target&gt;
 &lt;LINK_PRIVATE|LINK_PUBLIC&gt; &lt;lib&gt;...
 [&lt;LINK_PRIVATE|LINK_PUBLIC&gt; &lt;lib&gt;...]...)
</pre></div>
</div>
The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">LINK_PUBLIC</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">LINK_PRIVATE</code> modes can be used to specify both
the link dependencies and the link interface in one command.
This signature is for compatibility only. Prefer the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PUBLIC</code> or
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">PRIVATE</code> keywords instead.
Libraries and targets following <code class="docutils literal notranslate">LINK_PUBLIC</code> are linked to, and are
made part of the <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a>. If policy
<a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0022.html#policy:CMP0022" title="CMP0022"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0022</code></a> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NEW</code>, they are also made part of the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES" title="LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES</code></a>. Libraries and targets following
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">LINK_PRIVATE</code> are linked to, but are not made part of the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> (or <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES" title="LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES</code></a>).
</section>
<section id="libraries-for-dependents-only-legacy">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7" role="doc-backlink">Libraries for Dependents Only (Legacy)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#libraries-for-dependents-only-legacy" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>target_link_libraries(&lt;target&gt; LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES &lt;item&gt;...)
</pre></div>
</div>
The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES</code> mode appends the libraries to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> target property instead of using them
for linking. If policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0022.html#policy:CMP0022" title="CMP0022"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0022</code></a> is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NEW</code>, then this mode
also appends libraries to the <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES" title="LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES</code></a> and its
per-configuration equivalent.
This signature is for compatibility only. Prefer the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE</code> mode
instead.
Libraries specified as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">debug</code> are wrapped in a generator expression to
correspond to debug builds. If policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0022.html#policy:CMP0022" title="CMP0022"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0022</code></a> is
not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NEW</code>, the libraries are also appended to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES_CONFIG.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES_&lt;CONFIG&gt;" title="LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES_&lt;CONFIG&gt;"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES_DEBUG</code></a>
property (or to the properties corresponding to configurations listed in
the <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_gbl/DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS.html#prop_gbl:DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS" title="DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_gbl docutils literal notranslate">DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS</code></a> global property if it is set).
Libraries specified as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">optimized</code> are appended to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> property. If policy <a class="reference internal" href="../policy/CMP0022.html#policy:CMP0022" title="CMP0022"><code class="xref cmake cmake-policy docutils literal notranslate">CMP0022</code></a>
is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate">NEW</code>, they are also appended to the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES" title="LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES</code></a> property. Libraries specified as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">general</code> (or without any keyword) are treated as if specified for both
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">debug</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">optimized</code>.
</section>
<section id="linking-object-libraries">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8" role="doc-backlink">Linking Object Libraries</a><a class="headerlink" href="#linking-object-libraries" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.12.
</div>
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#object-libraries">Object Libraries</a> may be used as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;target&gt;</code> (first) argument
of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">target_link_libraries</code> to specify dependencies of their sources
on other libraries. For example, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(A SHARED a.c)
target_compile_definitions(A PUBLIC A)

add_library(obj OBJECT obj.c)
target_compile_definitions(obj PUBLIC OBJ)
target_link_libraries(obj PUBLIC A)
</pre></div>
</div>
compiles <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj.c</code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DA -DOBJ</code> and establishes usage requirements
for <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj</code> that propagate to its dependents.
Normal libraries and executables may link to <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#object-libraries">Object Libraries</a>
to get their objects and usage requirements. Continuing the above
example, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(B SHARED b.c)
target_link_libraries(B PUBLIC obj)
</pre></div>
</div>
compiles <code class="docutils literal notranslate">b.c</code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DA -DOBJ</code>, creates shared library <code class="docutils literal notranslate">B</code>
with object files from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">b.c</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj.c</code>, and links <code class="docutils literal notranslate">B</code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">A</code>.
Furthermore, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_executable(main main.c)
target_link_libraries(main B)
</pre></div>
</div>
compiles <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main.c</code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DA -DOBJ</code> and links executable <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main</code>
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">B</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">A</code>. The object library's usage requirements are
propagated transitively through <code class="docutils literal notranslate">B</code>, but its object files are not.
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#object-libraries">Object Libraries</a> may &quot;link&quot; to other object libraries to get
usage requirements, but since they do not have a link step nothing
is done with their object files. Continuing from the above example,
the code:
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(obj2 OBJECT obj2.c)
target_link_libraries(obj2 PUBLIC obj)

add_executable(main2 main2.c)
target_link_libraries(main2 obj2)
</pre></div>
</div>
compiles <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj2.c</code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DA -DOBJ</code>, creates executable <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main2</code>
with object files from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main2.c</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj2.c</code>, and links <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main2</code>
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">A</code>.
In other words, when <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#object-libraries">Object Libraries</a> appear in a target's
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> property they will be
treated as <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#interface-libraries">Interface Libraries</a>, but when they appear in
a target's <a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:LINK_LIBRARIES" title="LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> property their object files
will be included in the link too.
<section id="linking-object-libraries-via-target-objects">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9" role="doc-backlink">Linking Object Libraries via <code class="docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS&gt;</code></a><a class="headerlink" href="#linking-object-libraries-via-target-objects" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 3.21.
</div>
The object files associated with an object library may be referenced
by the <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-generator-expressions.7.html#genex:TARGET_OBJECTS" title="TARGET_OBJECTS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-genex docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS&gt;</code></a> generator expression. Such object
files are placed on the link line before all libraries, regardless
of their relative order. Additionally, an ordering dependency will be
added to the build system to make sure the object library is up-to-date
before the dependent target links. For example, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(obj3 OBJECT obj3.c)
target_compile_definitions(obj3 PUBLIC OBJ3)

add_executable(main3 main3.c)
target_link_libraries(main3 PRIVATE a3 $&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS:obj3&gt; b3)
</pre></div>
</div>
links executable <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main3</code> with object files from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main3.c</code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3.c</code> followed by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">a3</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">b3</code> libraries.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">main3.c</code> is not compiled with usage requirements from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3</code>,
such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DOBJ3</code>.
This approach can be used to achieve transitive inclusion of object
files in link lines as usage requirements. Continuing the above
example, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(iface_obj3 INTERFACE)
target_link_libraries(iface_obj3 INTERFACE obj3 $&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS:obj3&gt;)
</pre></div>
</div>
creates an interface library <code class="docutils literal notranslate">iface_obj3</code> that forwards the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3</code>
usage requirements and adds the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3</code> object files to dependents'
link lines. The code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_executable(use_obj3 use_obj3.c)
target_link_libraries(use_obj3 PRIVATE iface_obj3)
</pre></div>
</div>
compiles <code class="docutils literal notranslate">use_obj3.c</code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DOBJ3</code> and links executable <code class="docutils literal notranslate">use_obj3</code>
with object files from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">use_obj3.c</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3.c</code>.
This also works transitively through a static library. Since a static
library does not link, it does not consume the object files from
object libraries referenced this way. Instead, the object files
become transitive link dependencies of the static library.
Continuing the above example, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(static3 STATIC static3.c)
target_link_libraries(static3 PRIVATE iface_obj3)

add_executable(use_static3 use_static3.c)
target_link_libraries(use_static3 PRIVATE static3)
</pre></div>
</div>
compiles <code class="docutils literal notranslate">static3.c</code> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DOBJ3</code> and creates <code class="docutils literal notranslate">libstatic3.a</code>
using only its own object file. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">use_static3.c</code> is compiled without
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">-DOBJ3</code> because the usage requirement is not transitive through
the private dependency of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">static3</code>. However, the link dependencies
of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">static3</code> are propagated, including the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">iface_obj3</code> reference
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS:obj3&gt;</code>. The <code class="docutils literal notranslate">use_static3</code> executable is
created with object files from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">use_static3.c</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3.c</code>, and
linked to library <code class="docutils literal notranslate">libstatic3.a</code>.
When using this approach, it is the project's responsibility to avoid
linking multiple dependent binaries to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">iface_obj3</code>, because they will
all get the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">obj3</code> object files on their link lines.
<div class="admonition note">
Note
Referencing <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-generator-expressions.7.html#genex:TARGET_OBJECTS" title="TARGET_OBJECTS"><code class="xref cmake cmake-genex docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS&gt;</code></a> in <code class="docutils literal notranslate">target_link_libraries</code>
calls worked in versions of CMake prior to 3.21 for some cases,
but was not fully supported:
<ul class="simple">
<li>It did not place the object files before libraries on link lines.</li>
<li>It did not add an ordering dependency on the object library.</li>
<li>It did not work in Xcode with multiple architectures.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="cyclic-dependencies-of-static-libraries">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10" role="doc-backlink">Cyclic Dependencies of Static Libraries</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cyclic-dependencies-of-static-libraries" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
The library dependency graph is normally acyclic (a DAG), but in the case
of mutually-dependent <code class="docutils literal notranslate">STATIC</code> libraries CMake allows the graph to
contain cycles (strongly connected components). When another target links
to one of the libraries, CMake repeats the entire connected component.
For example, the code
<div class="highlight-cmake notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>add_library(A STATIC a.c)
add_library(B STATIC b.c)
target_link_libraries(A B)
target_link_libraries(B A)
add_executable(main main.c)
target_link_libraries(main A)
</pre></div>
</div>
links <code class="docutils literal notranslate">main</code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">A B A B</code>. While one repetition is usually
sufficient, pathological object file and symbol arrangements can require
more. One may handle such cases by using the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/LINK_INTERFACE_MULTIPLICITY.html#prop_tgt:LINK_INTERFACE_MULTIPLICITY" title="LINK_INTERFACE_MULTIPLICITY"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">LINK_INTERFACE_MULTIPLICITY</code></a> target property or by manually
repeating the component in the last <code class="docutils literal notranslate">target_link_libraries</code> call.
However, if two archives are really so interdependent they should probably
be combined into a single archive, perhaps by using <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-buildsystem.7.html#object-libraries">Object Libraries</a>.
</section>
<section id="creating-relocatable-packages">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11" role="doc-backlink">Creating Relocatable Packages</a><a class="headerlink" href="#creating-relocatable-packages" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
Note that it is not advisable to populate the
<a class="reference internal" href="../prop_tgt/INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES.html#prop_tgt:INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES" title="INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES"><code class="xref cmake cmake-prop_tgt docutils literal notranslate">INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES</code></a> of a target with absolute paths to dependencies.
That would hard-code into installed packages the library file paths
for dependencies as found on the machine the package was made on.
See the <a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-packages.7.html#creating-relocatable-packages">Creating Relocatable Packages</a> section of the
<a class="reference internal" href="../manual/cmake-packages.7.html#manual:cmake-packages(7)" title="cmake-packages(7)"><code class="xref cmake cmake-manual docutils literal notranslate">cmake-packages(7)</code></a> manual for discussion of additional care
that must be taken when specifying usage requirements while creating
packages for redistribution.
</section>
<section id="see-also">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12" role="doc-backlink">See Also</a><a class="headerlink" href="#see-also" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_compile_definitions.html#command:target_compile_definitions" title="target_compile_definitions"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_compile_definitions()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_compile_features.html#command:target_compile_features" title="target_compile_features"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_compile_features()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_compile_options.html#command:target_compile_options" title="target_compile_options"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_compile_options()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_include_directories.html#command:target_include_directories" title="target_include_directories"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_include_directories()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_link_directories.html#command:target_link_directories" title="target_link_directories"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_link_directories()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_link_options.html#command:target_link_options" title="target_link_options"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_link_options()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_precompile_headers.html#command:target_precompile_headers" title="target_precompile_headers"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_precompile_headers()</code></a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="target_sources.html#command:target_sources" title="target_sources"><code class="xref cmake cmake-command docutils literal notranslate">target_sources()</code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">target_link_libraries</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents">Libraries for a Target and/or its Dependents</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-both-a-target-and-its-dependents">Libraries for both a Target and its Dependents</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-a-target-and-or-its-dependents-legacy">Libraries for a Target and/or its Dependents (Legacy)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#libraries-for-dependents-only-legacy">Libraries for Dependents Only (Legacy)</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#linking-object-libraries">Linking Object Libraries</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#linking-object-libraries-via-target-objects">Linking Object Libraries via <code class="docutils literal notranslate">$&lt;TARGET_OBJECTS&gt;</code></a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cyclic-dependencies-of-static-libraries">Cyclic Dependencies of Static Libraries</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-relocatable-packages">Creating Relocatable Packages</a></li>
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