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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Copyright (C) 2008 John Paulett (john -at- paulett.org) # Copyright (C) 2009, 2011, 2013 David Aguilar (davvid -at- gmail.com) and contributors # All rights reserved. # # This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which # you should have received as part of this distribution. from __future__ import absolute_import, division, unicode_literals import base64 import quopri import sys from . import util from . import tags from . import handlers from .compat import numeric_types, set, unicode from .backend import JSONBackend def decode(string, backend=None, context=None, keys=False, reset=True, safe=False): backend = _make_backend(backend) if context is None: context = Unpickler(keys=keys, backend=backend, safe=safe) return context.restore(backend.decode(string), reset=reset) def _make_backend(backend): if backend is None: return JSONBackend() else: return backend class _Proxy(object): """Proxies are dummy objects that are later replaced by real instances The `restore()` function has to solve a tricky problem when pickling objects with cyclical references -- the parent instance does not yet exist. The problem is that `__getnewargs__()`, `__getstate__()`, custom handlers, and cyclical objects graphs are allowed to reference the yet-to-be-created object via the referencing machinery. In other words, objects are allowed to depend on themselves for construction! We solve this problem by placing dummy Proxy objects into the referencing machinery so that we can construct the child objects before constructing the parent. Objects are initially created with Proxy attribute values instead of real references. We collect all objects that contain references to proxies and run a final sweep over them to swap in the real instance. This is done at the very end of the top-level `restore()`. The `instance` attribute below is replaced with the real instance after `__new__()` has been used to construct the object and is used when swapping proxies with real instances. """ def __init__(self): self.instance = None def get(self): return self.instance def reset(self, instance): self.instance = instance class _IDProxy(_Proxy): def __init__(self, objs, index): self._index = index self._objs = objs def get(self): return self._objs[self._index] def _obj_setattr(obj, attr, proxy): setattr(obj, attr, proxy.get()) def _obj_setvalue(obj, idx, proxy): obj[idx] = proxy.get() class Unpickler(object): def __init__(self, backend=None, keys=False, safe=False): self.backend = _make_backend(backend) self.keys = keys self.safe = safe self.reset() def reset(self): """Resets the object's internal state. """ # Map reference names to object instances self._namedict = {} # The stack of names traversed for child objects self._namestack = [] # Map of objects to their index in the _objs list self._obj_to_idx = {} self._objs = [] self._proxies = [] def restore(self, obj, reset=True): """Restores a flattened object to its original python state. Simply returns any of the basic builtin types >>> u = Unpickler() >>> u.restore('hello world') == 'hello world' True >>> u.restore({'key': 'value'}) == {'key': 'value'} True """ if reset: self.reset() value = self._restore(obj) if reset: self._swap_proxies() return value def _swap_proxies(self): """Replace proxies with their corresponding instances""" for (obj, attr, proxy, method) in self._proxies: method(obj, attr, proxy) self._proxies = [] def _restore(self, obj): if has_tag(obj, tags.B64): restore = self._restore_base64 elif has_tag(obj, tags.BYTES): # Backwards compatibility restore = self._restore_quopri elif has_tag(obj, tags.ID): restore = self._restore_id elif has_tag(obj, tags.REF): # Backwards compatibility restore = self._restore_ref elif has_tag(obj, tags.ITERATOR): restore = self._restore_iterator elif has_tag(obj, tags.TYPE): restore = self._restore_type elif has_tag(obj, tags.REPR): # Backwards compatibility restore = self._restore_repr elif has_tag(obj, tags.REDUCE): restore = self._restore_reduce elif has_tag(obj, tags.OBJECT): restore = self._restore_object elif has_tag(obj, tags.FUNCTION): restore = self._restore_function elif util.is_list(obj): restore = self._restore_list elif has_tag(obj, tags.TUPLE): restore = self._restore_tuple elif has_tag(obj, tags.SET): restore = self._restore_set elif util.is_dictionary(obj): restore = self._restore_dict else: restore = lambda x: x return restore(obj) def _restore_base64(self, obj): return base64.decodestring(obj[tags.B64].encode('utf-8')) #: For backwards compatibility with bytes data produced by older versions def _restore_quopri(self, obj): return quopri.decodestring(obj[tags.BYTES].encode('utf-8')) def _restore_iterator(self, obj): return iter(self._restore_list(obj[tags.ITERATOR])) def _restore_reduce(self, obj): """ Supports restoring with all elements of __reduce__ as per pep 307. Assumes that iterator items (the last two) are represented as lists as per pickler implementation. """ proxy = _Proxy() self._mkref(proxy) reduce_val = obj[tags.REDUCE] reduce_tuple = f, args, state, listitems, dictitems = map(self._restore, reduce_val) if f == tags.NEWOBJ or f.__name__ == '__newobj__': # mandated special case cls = args[0] if not isinstance(cls, type): cls = self._restore(cls) stage1 = cls.__new__(cls, *args[1:]) else: stage1 = f(*args) if state: try: stage1.__setstate__(state) except AttributeError: # it's fine - we'll try the prescribed default methods try: # we can't do a straight update here because we # need object identity of the state dict to be # preserved so that _swap_proxies works out for k in stage1.__dict__.keys(): if k not in state: state[k] = stage1.__dict__[k] stage1.__dict__ = state except AttributeError: # next prescribed default try: for k, v in state.items(): setattr(stage1, k, v) except: dict_state, slots_state = state if dict_state: stage1.__dict__.update(dict_state) if slots_state: for k, v in slots_state.items(): setattr(stage1, k, v) if listitems: # should be lists if not None try: stage1.extend(listitems) except AttributeError: for x in listitems: stage1.append(x) if dictitems: for k, v in dictitems: stage1.__setitem__(k, v) proxy.reset(stage1) self._swapref(proxy, stage1) return stage1 def _restore_id(self, obj): try: idx = obj[tags.ID] return self._objs[idx] except IndexError: return _IDProxy(self._objs, idx) def _restore_ref(self, obj): return self._namedict.get(obj[tags.REF]) def _restore_type(self, obj): typeref = loadclass(obj[tags.TYPE]) if typeref is None: return obj return typeref def _restore_repr(self, obj): if self.safe: # eval() is not allowed in safe mode return None obj = loadrepr(obj[tags.REPR]) return self._mkref(obj) def _restore_object(self, obj): class_name = obj[tags.OBJECT] cls = loadclass(class_name) handler = handlers.get(cls, handlers.get(class_name)) if handler is not None: # custom handler proxy = _Proxy() self._mkref(proxy) instance = handler(self).restore(obj) proxy.reset(instance) self._swapref(proxy, instance) return instance if cls is None: return self._mkref(obj) return self._restore_object_instance(obj, cls) def _restore_function(self, obj): return loadclass(obj[tags.FUNCTION]) def _loadfactory(self, obj): try: default_factory = obj['default_factory'] except KeyError: return None del obj['default_factory'] return self._restore(default_factory) def _restore_object_instance(self, obj, cls): # This is a placeholder proxy object which allows child objects to # reference the parent object before it has been instantiated. proxy = _Proxy() self._mkref(proxy) # An object can install itself as its own factory, so load the factory # after the instance is available for referencing. factory = self._loadfactory(obj) if has_tag(obj, tags.NEWARGSEX): args, kwargs = obj[tags.NEWARGSEX] else: args = getargs(obj) kwargs = {} if args: args = self._restore(args) if kwargs: kwargs = self._restore(kwargs) is_oldstyle = not (isinstance(cls, type) or getattr(cls, '__meta__', None)) try: if (not is_oldstyle) and hasattr(cls, '__new__'): # new style classes if factory: instance = cls.__new__(cls, factory, *args, **kwargs) instance.default_factory = factory else: instance = cls.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs) else: instance = object.__new__(cls) except TypeError: # old-style classes is_oldstyle = True if is_oldstyle: try: instance = cls(*args) except TypeError: # fail gracefully try: instance = make_blank_classic(cls) except: # fail gracefully return self._mkref(obj) proxy.reset(instance) self._swapref(proxy, instance) if isinstance(instance, tuple): return instance if (hasattr(instance, 'default_factory') and isinstance(instance.default_factory, _Proxy)): instance.default_factory = instance.default_factory.get() return self._restore_object_instance_variables(obj, instance) def _restore_from_dict(self, obj, instance, ignorereserved=True): restore_key = self._restore_key_fn() method = _obj_setattr for k, v in sorted(obj.items(), key=util.itemgetter): # ignore the reserved attribute if ignorereserved and k in tags.RESERVED: continue if isinstance(k, numeric_types): str_k = unicode(k) else: str_k = k self._namestack.append(str_k) k = restore_key(k) # step into the namespace value = self._restore(v) if (util.is_noncomplex(instance) or util.is_dictionary_subclass(instance)): instance[k] = value else: setattr(instance, k, value) # This instance has an instance variable named `k` that is # currently a proxy and must be replaced if isinstance(value, _Proxy): self._proxies.append((instance, k, value, method)) # step out self._namestack.pop() def _restore_object_instance_variables(self, obj, instance): self._restore_from_dict(obj, instance) # Handle list and set subclasses if has_tag(obj, tags.SEQ): if hasattr(instance, 'append'): for v in obj[tags.SEQ]: instance.append(self._restore(v)) if hasattr(instance, 'add'): for v in obj[tags.SEQ]: instance.add(self._restore(v)) if has_tag(obj, tags.STATE): instance = self._restore_state(obj, instance) return instance def _restore_state(self, obj, instance): state = self._restore(obj[tags.STATE]) has_slots = (isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2 and isinstance(state[1], dict)) has_slots_and_dict = has_slots and isinstance(state[0], dict) if hasattr(instance, '__setstate__'): instance.__setstate__(state) elif isinstance(state, dict): # implements described default handling # of state for object with instance dict # and no slots self._restore_from_dict(state, instance, ignorereserved=False) elif has_slots: self._restore_from_dict(state[1], instance, ignorereserved=False) if has_slots_and_dict: self._restore_from_dict(state[0], instance, ignorereserved=False) elif (not hasattr(instance, '__getnewargs__') and not hasattr(instance, '__getnewargs_ex__')): # __setstate__ is not implemented so that means that the best # we can do is return the result of __getstate__() rather than # return an empty shell of an object. # However, if there were newargs, it's not an empty shell instance = state return instance def _restore_list(self, obj): parent = [] self._mkref(parent) children = [self._restore(v) for v in obj] parent.extend(children) method = _obj_setvalue proxies = [(parent, idx, value, method) for idx, value in enumerate(parent) if isinstance(value, _Proxy)] self._proxies.extend(proxies) return parent def _restore_tuple(self, obj): return tuple([self._restore(v) for v in obj[tags.TUPLE]]) def _restore_set(self, obj): return set([self._restore(v) for v in obj[tags.SET]]) def _restore_dict(self, obj): data = {} restore_key = self._restore_key_fn() for k, v in sorted(obj.items(), key=util.itemgetter): if isinstance(k, numeric_types): str_k = unicode(k) else: str_k = k self._namestack.append(str_k) k = restore_key(k) data[k] = self._restore(v) # k is currently a proxy and must be replaced if isinstance(data[k], _Proxy): self._proxies.append((data, k, data[k], _obj_setvalue)) self._namestack.pop() return data def _restore_key_fn(self): """Return a callable that restores keys This function is responsible for restoring non-string keys when we are decoding with `keys=True`. """ # This function is called before entering a tight loop # where the returned function will be called. # We return a specific function after checking self.keys # instead of doing so in the body of the function to # avoid conditional branching inside a tight loop. if self.keys: restore_key = self._restore_pickled_key else: restore_key = lambda key: key return restore_key def _restore_pickled_key(self, key): if key.startswith(tags.JSON_KEY): key = decode(key[len(tags.JSON_KEY):], backend=self.backend, context=self, keys=True, reset=False) return key def _refname(self): """Calculates the name of the current location in the JSON stack. This is called as jsonpickle traverses the object structure to create references to previously-traversed objects. This allows cyclical data structures such as doubly-linked lists. jsonpickle ensures that duplicate python references to the same object results in only a single JSON object definition and special reference tags to represent each reference. >>> u = Unpickler() >>> u._namestack = [] >>> u._refname() == '/' True >>> u._namestack = ['a'] >>> u._refname() == '/a' True >>> u._namestack = ['a', 'b'] >>> u._refname() == '/a/b' True """ return '/' + '/'.join(self._namestack) def _mkref(self, obj): obj_id = id(obj) try: self._obj_to_idx[obj_id] except KeyError: self._obj_to_idx[obj_id] = len(self._objs) self._objs.append(obj) # Backwards compatibility: old versions of jsonpickle # produced "py/ref" references. self._namedict[self._refname()] = obj return obj def _swapref(self, proxy, instance): proxy_id = id(proxy) instance_id = id(instance) instance_index = self._obj_to_idx[proxy_id] self._obj_to_idx[instance_id] = instance_index del self._obj_to_idx[proxy_id] self._objs[instance_index] = instance self._namedict[self._refname()] = instance def loadclass(module_and_name): """Loads the module and returns the class. >>> cls = loadclass('datetime.datetime') >>> cls.__name__ 'datetime' >>> loadclass('does.not.exist') >>> loadclass('__builtin__.int')() 0 """ try: module, name = module_and_name.rsplit('.', 1) module = util.untranslate_module_name(module) __import__(module) return getattr(sys.modules[module], name) except: return None def getargs(obj): """Return arguments suitable for __new__()""" # Let saved newargs take precedence over everything if has_tag(obj, tags.NEWARGSEX): raise ValueError("__newargs_ex__ returns both args and kwargs") if has_tag(obj, tags.NEWARGS): return obj[tags.NEWARGS] if has_tag(obj, tags.INITARGS): return obj[tags.INITARGS] try: seq_list = obj[tags.SEQ] obj_dict = obj[tags.OBJECT] except KeyError: return [] typeref = loadclass(obj_dict) if not typeref: return [] if hasattr(typeref, '_fields'): if len(typeref._fields) == len(seq_list): return seq_list return [] class _trivialclassic: """ A trivial class that can be instantiated with no args """ def make_blank_classic(cls): """ Implement the mandated strategy for dealing with classic classes which cannot be instantiated without __getinitargs__ because they take parameters """ instance = _trivialclassic() instance.__class__ = cls return instance def loadrepr(reprstr): """Returns an instance of the object from the object's repr() string. It involves the dynamic specification of code. >>> obj = loadrepr('datetime/datetime.datetime.now()') >>> obj.__class__.__name__ 'datetime' """ module, evalstr = reprstr.split('/') mylocals = locals() localname = module if '.' in localname: localname = module.split('.', 1)[0] mylocals[localname] = __import__(module) return eval(evalstr) def has_tag(obj, tag): """Helper class that tests to see if the obj is a dictionary and contains a particular key/tag. >>> obj = {'test': 1} >>> has_tag(obj, 'test') True >>> has_tag(obj, 'fail') False >>> has_tag(42, 'fail') False """ return type(obj) is dict and tag in obj