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08/22/2020 06:22:25 AM
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What You’ll Experience -A fireside chat with Bill Gates discussing his new memoir, Source Code, moderated by Stripe CEO Patrick Collison. -Lessons, insights, and stories from the formative early years of one of the world's most impactful leaders. About the Book The origin story of one of the most influential and transformative business leaders and philanthropists of the modern age The business triumphs of Bill Gates are widely known: the twenty-year-old who dropped out of Harvard to start a software company that became an industry giant and changed the way the world works and lives; the billionaire many times over who turned his attention to philanthropic pursuits to address climate change, global health, and U.S. education. Source Code is not about Microsoft or the Gates Foundation or the future of technology. It’s the human, personal story of how Bill Gates became who he is today: his childhood, his early passions and pursuits. It’s the story of his principled grandmother and ambitious parents, his first deep friendships and the sudden death of his best friend; of his struggles to fit in and his discovery of a world of coding and computers in the dawn of a new era; of embarking in his early teens on a path that took him from midnight escapades at a nearby computer center to his college dorm room, where he sparked a revolution that would change the world. Bill Gates tells this, his own story, for the first time: wise, warm, revealing, it’s a fascinating portrait of an American life. FEATURED PARTICIPANTS Speaker Bill Gates Chair, Gates Foundation, and Founder, Breakthrough Energy and TerraPower Bill Gates is a technologist, business leader, and philanthropist. In 1975, he co-founded Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen and today he is chair of the Gates Foundation. 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But Dubinsky and many other senior managers left in 1991 when Apple went back on its promise to allow Claris to become an independent company. After a year’s sabbatical in France, she was hired as CEO of Palm Computing by founder Jeff Hawkins. After an unsuccessful product created in partnership with Casio and other companies, Hawkins and Dubinsky spearheaded the development of the pioneering PalmPilot. The enormous success of this device brought handheld computers, or personal digital assistants (PDAs) as they were called at the time, to the mass market. Unlike prior handhelds such as the Apple Newton, the PalmPilot was designed as an affordable, user-friendly accessory to a personal computer rather than a pricey partial replacement. The operating system and core applications – contacts, to-dos, calendar, and notes – were renowned for simplicity and good design, as well as easy syncing with a connected computer. Short on cash, Palm Computing was acquired by modem-maker U.S. Robotics which was in turn acquired by LAN pioneer 3Com. Unhappy with 3Com’s business strategy, in 1998 Dubinsky co-founded Handspring with Jeff Hawkins and Ed Colligan. Handspring launched the successful Visor PDA to compete with Palm and soon became a leader in the emerging smartphone category with the groundbreaking Treo smartphone, which integrated phone, email, and Web browsing capabilities with full Palm PDA functionality. Starting in 2003, the Treo 600 series established itself as an iconic brand. The bursting of the dot-com bubble had slowed Handspring’s growth, and in 2003 it merged with a Palm hardware division previously spun off from 3Com as an independent company. The resulting merger was called PalmOne, Inc., and later reverted to Palm Inc. At the same time as the merger, Palm spun off its operating system into an independent company called PalmSource, which later was bought by Japanese i-mode pioneer ACCESS. In 2005 Dubinsky and Hawkins left to form Numenta, Inc., with the goal of creating machine intelligence based on Hawkins’ neuroscience research. She served as CEO and remained board chair through 2024. In 2022, she was appointed as Senior Counselor to the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Commerce, leading implementation of part of the CHIPS and Science Act which was created to bolster semiconductor research and manufacturing in the U.S. Dubinsky is a past trustee of the Computer History Museum. * Note: Transcripts represent what was said in the interview. However, to enhance meaning or add clarification, interviewees have the opportunity to modify this text afterward. This may result in discrepancies between the transcript and the video. Please refer to the transcript for further information - http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102792866 Visit computerhistory.org/collections/oralhistories/ for more information about the Computer History Museum's Oral History Collection. 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But Dubinsky and many other senior managers left in 1991 when Apple went back on its promise to allow Claris to become an independent company. After a year’s sabbatical in France, she was hired as CEO of Palm Computing by founder Jeff Hawkins. After an unsuccessful product created in partnership with Casio and other companies, Hawkins and Dubinsky spearheaded the development of the pioneering PalmPilot. The enormous success of this device brought handheld computers, or personal digital assistants (PDAs) as they were called at the time, to the mass market. Unlike prior handhelds such as the Apple Newton, the PalmPilot was designed as an affordable, user-friendly accessory to a personal computer rather than a pricey partial replacement. The operating system and core applications – contacts, to-dos, calendar, and notes – were renowned for simplicity and good design, as well as easy syncing with a connected computer. Short on cash, Palm Computing was acquired by modem-maker U.S. Robotics which was in turn acquired by LAN pioneer 3Com. Unhappy with 3Com’s business strategy, in 1998 Dubinsky co-founded Handspring with Jeff Hawkins and Ed Colligan. Handspring launched the successful Visor PDA to compete with Palm and soon became a leader in the emerging smartphone category with the groundbreaking Treo smartphone, which integrated phone, email, and Web browsing capabilities with full Palm PDA functionality. Starting in 2003, the Treo 600 series established itself as an iconic brand. The bursting of the dot-com bubble had slowed Handspring’s growth, and in 2003 it merged with a Palm hardware division previously spun off from 3Com as an independent company. The resulting merger was called PalmOne, Inc., and later reverted to Palm Inc. At the same time as the merger, Palm spun off its operating system into an independent company called PalmSource, which later was bought by Japanese i-mode pioneer ACCESS. 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His first experiences with computers was a mechanical computing toy at age 10 and mainframe computers in middle and high school. For college, Serlet went to Rouen for college preparatory classes and then onto École Nationale Supérieure near Paris, where he initially studied mathematics. Serlet decided to switch from mathematics to computers after taking a VLSI design course from Jean Vuillemin, with whom he would go on to do his Ph.D. from the University of Orsay. Vuillemin was also at the French research institute INRIA, where Serlet would continue on as a researcher, working alongside Jean-Marie Hullot. Serlet joined Xerox PARC’s Computer Science Laboratory in 1984, working in the Cedar/Mesa programming language and development environment, still creating design tools for VLSI, developing the multiprocessor Dragon machine. In 1989, Serlet followed Hullot to Steve Jobs’ NeXT Computer. 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Serlet also worked closely with Scott Forstall, who was instrumental in the development of the Carbon framework and the Aqua interface for OS X, and ultimately led the iPhone/iOS software development team, which was derived from OS X. Serlet would leave Apple in 2011 after recruiting Craig Federighi to replace him, and would go on to found startups involved with the cloud and silicon. * Note: Transcripts represent what was said in the interview. However, to enhance meaning or add clarification, interviewees have the opportunity to modify this text afterward. This may result in discrepancies between the transcript and the video. Please refer to the transcript for further information - http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102808912 Visit computerhistory.org/collections/oralhistories/ for more information about the Computer History Museum's Oral History Collection. 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After spending more time playing SpaceWar! at the Stanford AI Laboratory, Bushnell decided to make a commercial coin-operated version of it, Computer Space, in partnership with Nutting and Associates, and started his company, Syzygy, with Dabney to produce it, in 1970. Syzygy became Atari in 1972, after obtaining contracts to produce more games from Nutting and from Bally Midway. Bushnell hired Al Alcorn, and assigned him the task of producing a tennis game similar to one he had seen on the Magnavox Odyssey, purely as an exercise, but Alcorn’s improvements to the game made it so fun that Ted Dabney installed the first Pong machine in Andy Capp’s Tavern in Sunnyvale. This prototype was a wild success, launching Atari’s business. Atari would go on to produce many more coin-operated arcade games, but also expanded into the home with consumer Pong, with the entire game implemented on a single chip. After producing a number of games with custom chips, Alcorn, Steve Mayer, and others realized it would be better to create a microprocessor-based console with games implemented in software on ROM cartridges. This led to the creation of the wildly successful Atari VCS, or Atari 2600. The VCS was designed by Mayer and others of Cyan Engineering, which had merged with Atari to become its Grass Valley R&D center. The capital needed to mass produce the VCS led to Atari’s sale to Warner Communications in 1976, after which Bushnell stepped away from managing the company. Bushnell shifted his focus to running Chuck E. Cheese’s Pizza Time Theater, which he had started under Atari, but bought back from Warner. Bushnell formally resigned from Atari in 1979, and started a technology incubator, Catalyst Technologies, which invested in companies involved in automobile navigation, home robots, and computer animation. 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Brock on 2023-12-06 in Cambridge, MA © Computer History Museum Butler Lampson is an American electrical engineer and computer systems designer. In this oral history, he discusses his early interest in mathematics and physics, which he pursued as an undergraduate at Harvard University. He describes the computing environment at universities at the time as being very rudimentary, with access to computing resources often precarious. Upon graduation in 1964 with an A.B. (magna cum laude) in physics, he moved to Berkeley, California to work on Project Genie (later Berkeley Computer Corporation (BCC)), whose goal was to build a multi-user timesharing system. The company got most of one system working but funding ran out. Lampson returned to university to pursue graduate studies at Berkeley and received his PhD in electrical engineering in 1967 under Lofti Zadeh. In 1971, Lampson became one of the founding members of Xerox PARC and several key BCC alumni joined him. 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