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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>mockup</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style type="text/css"> .look { font-family:"Dehuti"; } .look1{ font-family:"apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif"; } .rec { height:150px; width: 300px; } .rec1 { height:150px; width: 250px; } .article { display: none; min-height: 100px; } .art { min-height: 100px; } .text-c{ /* background-color : #f2f2f2;*/ color: black; /* height: 80px;*/ } .text-color{ color: #808080; font-weight: bolder; font-size: 17px; display: none; } @media screen and (min-width: 600px) { .foot { text-align: right; } } @media screen and (max-width: 300px) { .foot{ text-align: left; } } @media screen and (min-width: 600px) { .coverstory { margin-top: 100px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 300px) { .coverstory{ margin-top: 200px; } } .icon_arrow { left: 10px; position: absolute; top: 8px; } .icon_arrow_communication { left: 120px; position: absolute; top: 8px; } .id { display:block; } a{ text-decoration: none; } .btn-info{ background-color: } .border-a { color: white; } .dropdown-menu{ background-color:#3f3f45; } .dropdown-item { color: white; border-bottom: solid; } .tab{ overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: #f1f1f1; width: } .tab .subtab { background-color: inherit; float: left; border: none; outline: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 14px 16px; transition: 0.3s; font-size: 17px; } .ho:hover { background-color: #ddd; height: 100%; } .seperator { height: 100%; width: 1px; background: black; margin: 0 auto; top: 0; bottom: 0; position: absolute; left: 100%; } </style> </head> <body> <script> $(window).on("scroll", function() { if($(window).scrollTop() > 100) { $(".navbar").addClass("text-c"); $(".nav-link").addClass("text-c"); $(".nav-link").removeClass("text-color"); $("#showdiv").show(); } else { $(".navbar").removeClass("text-c"); $(".nav-link").removeClass("text-c"); $(".nav-link").addClass("text-color"); $("#showdiv").hide(); /* $("#hide").show();*/ } }); </script> <script> function showhide(id) { var e = document.getElementById(id); e.style.display = (e.style.display == 'block') ? 'none' : 'block'; } </script> <!-- <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light fixed-top"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item active"> <a class="nav-link text-color" href="#">Home <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link text-color" href="#">Archive</a> </li> <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0 mr-auto nav-link text-color"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-outline-success my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit">Search</button> </form> </ul> <div class="ml-auto nav-link text-color "> <img src="https://www.currentscience.ac.in/php/images/title.png" > <p>A fortnightly journal of Research</p> </div> </div> </nav> --> <div class="container mt-3"> <!-- <p class="mt-3 text-right mr-5">Search<i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></p> <hr style="position: relative;border: none; height: 2px; background: black;"> --> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-xl-2 pt-3 pl-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-2 col-lg-2 col-xl-2"> <div class="dropdown"> <i class="fa fa-bars mt-2" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 25px;width: 100%;"></i> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left"> <a class="dropdown-item text-weight-bold" href="#">About the Journal</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Working Committee</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Editorial Board</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Submit Article Online</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#">Instruction to Authors</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-xl-8 mt-1 ml-2"> <a href="javascript:showhide('uniquename')" ><p style="font-size: 20px;font-weight: bold;color: black;" >Search<i class="fa fa-search pl-1" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 18px;"></i></p></a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 col-xl-12 ml-2"> <p class="btn btn-secondary" style="background-color:#00b8e6; width: 100px;">Archive</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-7 col-sm-12 col-xl-7 col-xs-12 col-lg-7"> <div class="card"> <img src="https://journal.accsindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/WhatsApp-Image-2019-07-16-at-6.57.03-PM-1.jpeg" width="100%"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-lg-3 col-xs-12 col-lg-3 mt-3 "> <img src="https://www.currentscience.ac.in/php/images/title.png"> <p class="pt-1 foot" style=" font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif;">A Fortnightly Journal of Research</p> <p class="pt-1 foot" style=" font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; margin:0;">ISSN 0011-3891</p> <!-- <p class="text-right pb-5"style="color: red">ISSN Info</p> --> </div> </div> <hr style="position: relative; /* margin-top: -10px;*/ border: none; height: 6px; background: black; width: 100%; "> <div class="row pb-5" id="uniquename" style="background-color: #3f3f45;display: none;"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 col-xl-12"> <div class="row d-flex justify-content-center mx-auto pt-3"> <h4 style="color: white;font-weight: bold;">Search Articles</h4> </div> <div class="row mt-5"> <div class="col-xl-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-3 col-md-3"> </div> <div class="col-xl-6 col-xs-6 col-sm-12 col-lg-6 col-md-6"> <div class="form-group has-success has-feedback"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputSuccess" placeholder="Search by Keywords or Author"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-ok form-control-feedback"></span> </div> </div> <div class="col-xl-2 col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-2 col-md-2" style="margin-left: -25px;"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="">Search</a> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3 d-flex justify-content-center"> <a class="btn btn-info" href="">Advanced Search</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row ml-1"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-xl-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h5>General Articles | </h5> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" style="margin-left: -60px;"> <h5>Volume 118 | </h5> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" style="margin-left: -120px;"> <h5>No. 01 | </h5> </div> </div> <hr class="border"style="color: black;" > <div class="row"> <h3>Ecological determinants of occupancy and abundance of chinkara (Gazella bennettii) in Yadahalli Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India</h3> </div> <div class="row"> <p style="font-size: 16px;color:#00b8e6;">Dinesh Kumar1, Avadhoot D. Velankar2,3, Nitin Venkatesh Ranga Rao4, Honnavalli N. Kumara2,*, Partha Sarathi Mishra2,5, Prodyut Bhattacharya1 and Vijay Mohan Raj6</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12 col-xs-12"> <hr style="position: relative; border: none; height: 1px; background: black; "> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-xl-8 text-justify"> <p class="look" style="font-size: 17px;">Chinkara (Gazella bennettii), the Indian gazelle, is a widespread antelope in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Indian subcontinent; however, the species has been relatively unexplored to the south of its distribution range. In 2016, with indefinite evidence of chinkara presence in Yadahalli Reserved Forest, Karnataka, India, the Forest Department notified the area as a Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS). We conducted a study to explore their possible existence and population status at Yadahalli WLS using a novel approach. We laid 2 sq. km grid cells in the Yadahalli WLS and divided it into four replicated sub-grids using GPS. We walked the grid cells and recorded the chinkara midden and deployed camera traps for direct detection and individual identity. We recorded site covariates, i.e. tree density, tree diversity, basal area, food tree density, cattle dung, goat and sheep droppings and distance from the boundary, and detection covariates, i.e. trail length. We performed occupancy modelling based on midden recordings using PRESENCE ver. 5.3. Through the effort of 62 grids with four spatial replicates, the detection probability of chinkara was found to be 0.68 ± 0.03SE, and the estimated averaged occupancy was 0.51 ± 0.37SE. The present study reveals a potential population of ~85 individuals in the Yadahalli WLS, which is the known southernmost population of the species in India. This study establishes the use of novel methods for monitoring of chinkara populations which will help in the development of a conservation action plan for the species and its habitat.</p> <p class="look" style="font-size: 17px;"><i>Keywords:</i>Abundance, detection probability, Gazella bennettii, occupancy. </p> <p class="look" style="font-size: 17px;">HABITAT composition and herbivore population dynamics have a mutual influence on each other, with ungulates being at the centre. On the one hand, habitat heterogeneity and resource distribution have been found to govern the ungulate populations1â3, while on the other, herbivore assemblage has a long-term impact on the surrounding vegetation4. Halpin5 realized the importance of monitoring and documenting herbivore populations at both local and global scales. However, the methods for monitoring the individuals vary between species and the habitats they occupy. For example, ungulates residing in arid or semiarid landscapes in low density over vast open spaces are usually shy and highly vigilant, which makes it difficult to study them using conventional methods6. The Indian gazelle or chinkara (Gazella bennettii) is one such species which, despite being widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions, has been less studied in southern India because of its elusive behaviour and sporadic records. Among the 19 species of gazelles found in Asia and Africa, chinkara is the only one found in the Indian subcontinent7. It is well adapted to, and is widespread in, the arid and semi-arid environs of the region8. The extent of its distribution in the subcontinent starts from northcentral Iran on the western side through Pakistan and Afghanistan, till the eastern states of India9. Its population is declining considerably in countries like Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan10. In early 1960â70s, chinkara was found abundant in many districts of Balochistan, but during the last decade, its status has been affected severely by anthropogenic disturbances (viz. extensive poaching, livestock grazing) and land-use changes11. In India, populations of chinkara have been found to be distributed in 11 states12â15.</p> <p class="look" style="font-size: 17px;">We conducted the present study to confirm the occurrence of chinkara based on the habitat covariates to further our understanding of the species at Yadahalli WLS. We employed methods suitable for this shy and elusive species in its natural habitat. Here, we report findings of the study conducted to assess the conservation status of chinkara in Yadahalli WLS using a methodology which could be standardized for further studies on the species throughout its distribution range.</p> <nav aria-label="Page navigation example"> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center"> <li class="page-item disabled"> <a class="page-link" href="#" tabindex="-1">Previous</a> </li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="article.php">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="article1.php">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="article2.php">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"> <a class="page-link" href="#">Next</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-xl-4"> <div class="row d-flex justify-content-center"> <h5 class="mx-auto">RELATED ARTICLES</h5> </div> <div class="row d-flex justify-content-center"> <img src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTfse-r6EIzzWAShi1fy6A49lZJN5GYnTvl29BT89FCKU45I4Gpew&s" class=" mt-3 rec border border-dark" height="25%"> <h6 class=" mt-3 "style="font-size: 18px;width: 300px">Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer</h6> </div> <div> <hr class=" border"> </div> <div class="row d-flex justify-content-center"> <img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2012/9/7/1347024339974/Drought-and-food-price--D-008.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=7dd0d7e44182ef6340e3df3ea67390a8" class=" mt-3 rec border border-dark" > <h6 class=" mt-3 look justify-centder"style="font-size: 20px;width: 300px;">L- and S-band Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar on Chandrayaan-2 mission</h6> </div> <div> <hr class=" border"> </div> <div class="row d-flex justify-content-center"> <h5 class="mx-auto text-uppercase">advertisement</h5> </div> <div class="row" style=" margin-right: 20px;"> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center"> <img class="mx-auto pl-4" src="check.jpg" width="auto" height="500px"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr class="border"style="color: black; " > <div class="container-fluid"style="background-color: #2f2f2f; color: white;"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 mt-4"> <img src="https://www.currentscience.ac.in/php/images/title.png" class="ml-4 mt-2"> <p class="mt-1 ml-4" style=" font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif; color: white;">A Fortnightly Journal of Research</p> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 mt-4"> <div class="row "> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 ml-auto"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 ml-auto"> <p class="foot" style="font-size: 13px;">About Us</p> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-6 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p class="foot"style="font-size: 13px;">Contact Us</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-square"></i> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <i class="fa fa-youtube-square"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr style="position: relative; border: none;height: 1px; background: white; " > <div class="row ml-4" style="font-size: 17px;"> <div class="col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p>â£Home</p> <p>â£About the Journal</p> <p>â£Working Committee</p> <p>â£Editorial Board</p> <p>â£Subscribe</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p>â£Current Issue</p> <p>â£Archive</p> <p>â£Special Sections</p> <p>â£Forthcoming Articles</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p>â£Advertise With Us</p> <p>â£Institutional Members</p> <p>â£Reprints</p> <p>â£Reproduction Permission</p> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-xl-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p>â£Submit Articles Online</p> <p>â£Instructions to Authors</p> </div> </div> <div class="row" style="background-color: #222;"> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-xl-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <p style="font-size: 13px;">©2019 Current Science Association, Bengaluru. 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